Unlocking the Depths: A Review of Chamber Divers by Rachel Lance

In her second book, Chamber Divers, Rachel Lance delivers a gripping historical account that delves into the largely untold story of the development of decompression science during World War II. The narrative is woven around J.B.S. Haldane, a pivotal figure in the history of diving physiology, and his eccentric team of scientists, who risked their lives to uncover the limits of human survival underwater. In a unique blend of scientific exploration and wartime history, Lance captures the monumental achievements of Haldane and his colleagues, while highlighting the human element behind these groundbreaking discoveries.

During a recent interview with Divers Ready, Lance explained that much of the information in her book was previously classified, making this the first time many of these stories are being told in such detail. The research process, she notes, was painstaking and required scouring archives in both London and Edinburgh. While unable to visit Edinburgh during the pandemic, Lance worked remotely with archivists to gather crucial documents. Her dedication to uncovering the truth mirrors the same perseverance of the scientists she writes about, whose personal notes and records she pieced together to form a coherent and dramatic narrative.

One of the standout elements of Chamber Divers is the humanization of its subjects. Rather than focusing solely on the scientific breakthroughs, Lance emphasizes the personalities and struggles of Haldane’s team. She provides readers with glimpses into their personal lives, capturing the complex emotions and pressures they faced as they worked tirelessly under the constant threat of bombings during the London Blitz. Lance explains that these scientists weren't merely solving theoretical problems; they were engaged in a literal race against time, not unlike the efforts of Alan Turing’s code-breaking team at Bletchley Park. The difference, as Lance humorously points out, is that while Turing’s team worked with computers, Haldane and his colleagues often used their own bodies in their experiments, pushing themselves to extreme depths and sometimes dangerous limits to better understand the effects of decompression and oxygen toxicity.

Lance’s choice to tell this story is deeply personal. In the interview, she recounts her discovery of her own grandfather’s World War II service, including his work with underwater explosives—a revelation she only learned after obtaining her PhD in the same field. Her dedication to him at the start of the book reflects the personal connection she feels to the broader theme of sacrifice made by this generation, a sentiment that resonates throughout Chamber Divers.

The narrative stretches from the discovery of decompression sickness during the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, through to the scientists’ wartime research in London, and up to D-Day. Lance skillfully weaves complex scientific concepts with the human stories behind them, ensuring that the book is both scientifically rigorous and emotionally engaging. The parallels between Haldane’s contributions to decompression theory and the development of nitrox, enriched air blends, make for an especially compelling read for today’s divers, many of whom may be unaware of the profound debt they owe to these pioneering scientists.

As Lance describes in the interview, these scientists were not only breaking new ground in diving physiology—they were essentially inventing the rules for modern scuba diving. Many of their experiments, conducted in dangerous conditions and often involving self-experimentation, laid the foundation for the safe diving practices and technologies we rely on today, such as rebreathers and enriched oxygen blends. Lance explains that their work is the genesis of modern nitrox diving, making this book a must-read for anyone in the diving community.

Moreover, Chamber Divers is not merely a scientific chronicle; it’s a reflection on the courage and ingenuity required during a time of war. While many know of the technological advances in cryptography or weapons development during World War II, Lance shines a light on the unsung heroes of decompression research, whose work directly influenced the success of submarine operations and Special Operations diving missions. The juxtaposition of their groundbreaking research with the wartime setting—complete with rationing, bombings, and power outages—underscores the enormity of their achievement.

Lance injects humor and humanity into her account, balancing the seriousness of the subject with wit and warmth. Chapter titles like “Drunk and Doing Math” encapsulate the often-chaotic environment in which these scientists worked, adding levity to a topic that could otherwise feel weighty or clinical. This balance is reflective of Lance’s own scientific background; as both a researcher and storyteller, she understands the importance of making complex material accessible and engaging for her readers.

In the interview, Lance revealed that her research for the book has led to several scientific papers, further expanding the legacy of these wartime scientists. By republishing some of their original data and making it more widely accessible, Lance hopes to ensure that their contributions to diving science are not forgotten.

Chamber Divers is an incredible achievement that brings to light the overlooked but crucial work of Haldane and his team. Lance's ability to combine meticulous research with an engaging, human-centered narrative makes this book a compelling read for both history enthusiasts and diving professionals alike. Whether you are familiar with the technicalities of decompression theory or are simply interested in stories of human perseverance and scientific discovery, this book offers something for everyone.

In short, Chamber Divers is an essential addition to the bookshelf of anyone interested in the history of diving or the role of science in wartime. Lance’s thorough research and passionate storytelling ensure that this forgotten chapter of diving history is finally given the attention it deserves. You can find Chamber Divers at bookstores everywhere or on Amazon.